Authors: Jairos Mukwenha (Zimbabwe Open University) and Alfred Mutanga (University of Botswana)
Abstract: This study employed a critical realism perspective to examine the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems within the Zimbabwe’s mining sector. By delving beyond empirical observations to uncover underlying generative mechanisms, the study provides a nuanced understanding of success and challenges in this context. Key critical realism concepts, such as the distinction between real, actual and empirical domains, stratification, emergence and structuration, were pivotal in the analysis. The study revealed a complex interplay of ERP implementation dynamics, where significant challenges, such as resource constraints, foreign currency shortages, skill gaps, organizational resistance to change and data quality issues often overshadow successes in data integration and operational visibility. Crucial generative mechanisms identified include financial viability, human agency, such as leadership and skilled personnel, organizational culture and the state of national infrastructure. Notably, Zimbabwe’s unique socioeconomic and political landscapes emerged as a powerful contextual mechanism, profoundly shaping all aspects of ERP projects. The study underscores that successful ERP system implementation in such challenging environments is not merely a technical endeavour but a deeply embedded and context-dependent process, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between deep-seated structures and human agency. While drawing valuable insights from existing literature, this review acknowledges limitations concerning data availability and depth, advocating for future empirical and longitudinal studies to further validate and refine the understanding of ERP implementation in similar developing contexts.